C# 加密总结一些常见的加密方法

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发布时间：2013-12-09 23:23:31

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一散列数据代码如下：

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private static string CalculateSHA512Hash(string input) { byte[] inputBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input); SHA512Managed sha512 = new SHA512Managed(); byte[] outputBytes = sha512.ComputeHash(inputBytes); return Convert.ToBase64String(outputBytes); }
原始散列对于彩虹表来说也存在漏洞，在彩虹表中，表内的每一条记录都是一串明文对应一种加密算法生成的一串密文。加盐就是指在密码中加入一个盐，这样可以提高密码散列的安全性。修改后的代码如下：

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private static string CalculateSHA512Hash(string input,string salt)
    {           byte[] saltBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(salt);
      byte[] inputBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
   byte[] inputWithSaltBytes = new byte[saltBytes.Length + inputBytes.Length];
       Array.Copy(inputBytes, 0, inputWithSaltBytes, 0, inputBytes.Length);
       Array.Copy(saltBytes, 0, inputWithSaltBytes, inputBytes.Length, saltBytes.Length);           SHA512Managed sha512 = new SHA512Managed();
     byte[] outputBytes = sha512.ComputeHash(inputWithSaltBytes);
    return Convert.ToBase64String(outputBytes);
     }       private static string GetSalt(int minSaltSize, int maxSaltSize)
    {           Random random = new Random();
     int saltSize = random.Next(minSaltSize, maxSaltSize);
           byte[] saltBytes = new byte[saltSize];
      RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
        rng.GetNonZeroBytes(saltBytes);
    return Convert.ToBase64String(saltBytes);
   }
二对称加密

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private static string Encrypt(string input, byte[] key, byte[] iv)
    {           byte[] inputBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
       RijndaelManaged rijndael = new RijndaelManaged();
      ICryptoTransform transform = rijndael.CreateEncryptor(key, iv);
     byte[] encrytData = null;
        using (MemoryStream outputStream = new MemoryStream())
     {               using (CryptoStream inputStream = new CryptoStream(outputStream, transform, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
          {                   inputStream.Write(inputBytes, 0,

inputBytes.Length);
       inputStream.FlushFinalBlock();
       encrytData = outputStream.ToArray();
     }            }           return Convert.ToBase64String(encrytData);
    }       private static string Decrypt(string input, byte[] key, byte[] iv)
      {           byte[] inputBytes=Convert.FromBase64String(input);
          RijndaelManaged rijndael = new RijndaelManaged();
    ICryptoTransform transform = rijndael.CreateDecryptor(key, iv);
       byte[] decryptByte;
    using (MemoryStream outputStream=new MemoryStream())
        {               using (CryptoStream inputStream=new CryptoStream(outputStream,transform,CryptoStreamMode.Write))
         {                   inputStream.Write(inputBytes, 0, inputBytes.Length);
            inputStream.FlushFinalBlock();
       decryptByte = outputStream.ToArray();
        }           }           return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptByte);
     }       private static void GetKeyAndIVFromPasswordAndSalt(string password, byte[] salt,
SymmetricAlgorithm symmetricAlgorithm,
ref byte[] key, ref byte[] iv)
{           Rfc2898DeriveBytes rfc2898DeriveBytes = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(password, salt);
    key = rfc2898DeriveBytes.GetBytes(symmetricAlgorithm.KeySize / 8);
       iv = rfc2898DeriveBytes.GetBytes(symmetricAlgorithm.BlockSize / 8);
     }       private static string GetSalt(int minSaltSize, int maxSaltSize)
   {           Random random = new Random();
    int saltSize = random.Next(minSaltSize, maxSaltSize);
       byte[] saltBytes = new byte[saltSize];
    RNGCryptoServiceProvider rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
     rng.GetNonZeroBytes(saltBytes);
    return Convert.ToBase64String(saltBytes);       }
调用方式：
            byte[] salt = Convert.FromBase64String(GetSalt(9, 18));
            string password = "Password";
            byte[] key=new byte[0];
            byte[] iv = new byte[0];
            GetKeyAndIVFromPasswordAndSalt(password,salt, new RijndaelManaged(), ref key, ref iv);
            string input = "Wrox Press";
            string encrytText = Encrypt(input, key, iv);
            Console.WriteLine(encrytText);
            string decryptText=Decrypt(encrytText,key,iv);
            Console.WriteLine(decryptText);

只是简单的加密和解密数据是不够的，我们还需要确保数据不被改变，我们可以创建一个消息认证代码来生成一个加密的散列。

?private static string GenerateMac(string input, byte[] key)
      {
          HMACSHA512 hmac = new HMACSHA512(key);
          byte[] data= hmac.ComputeHash(Convert.FromBase64String(input));
          return Convert.ToBase64String(data);
      }
      static bool IsMacValid(string input, byte[] key, string savedMac)
      {
          string recalculateMac = GenerateMac(input, key);
          return recalculateMac.Equals(savedMac);
      }
例如我们对数据库中LicenseNumber加密，那么我们就必须修改表结构，修改后如图：

非对称加密：

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private static string Encrypt(string input, string publickey)
{            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024);
     rsa.FromXmlString(publickey);
        byte[] encryptData = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input), true);
         return Convert.ToBase64String(encryptData);
   }        private static string Decrypt(string input, string privatekey)
    {            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024);
       rsa.FromXmlString(privatekey);
     byte[] dencryptData = rsa.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(input), true);
         return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(dencryptData);
      }        private static void GetkeyXml(out string publicKey, out string privateKey)
    {            RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(1024);
        publicKey = rsa.ToXmlString(false);
     privateKey = rsa.ToXmlString(true);        }
证书加密：

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static byte[] SignData(byte[] clearText, X509Certificate2 signingCertificate)
    {           ContentInfo contentInfo = new ContentInfo(clearText);
     CmsSigner signer = new CmsSigner(signingCertificate);
      SignedCms signedCms = new SignedCms(contentInfo);
   signedCms.ComputeSignature(signer);
return signedCms.Encode();
     }       static byte[] ValidateSignatureAndExtractContent(byte[] signedCmsAsBytes, ICollection<string> signingSubjects)
   {           SignedCms signedCms = new SignedCms();
       signedCms.Decode(signedCmsAsBytes);
      signedCms.CheckSignature(true);
    foreach (SignerInfo signerInfo in signedCms.SignerInfos)
       {               X509Certificate2 signingCertificate = signerInfo.Certificate;
              signingSubjects.Add(signingCertificate.Subject);
      }           return signedCms.ContentInfo.Content;
   }       static byte[] EncryptWithCertificate(byte[] clearText, X509Certificate2 certificate)
    {           ContentInfo contentInfo = new ContentInfo(clearText);
         EnvelopedCms envelopedCms = new EnvelopedCms(contentInfo);
    CmsRecipient recipient = new CmsRecipient(certificate);
       envelopedCms.Encrypt(recipient);
          return envelopedCms.Encode();
     }       static byte[] DecryptWithCertificate(byte[] cipherText)
      {           EnvelopedCms envelopedCms = new EnvelopedCms();
     envelopedCms.Decode(cipherText);
     envelopedCms.Decrypt();
return envelopedCms.ContentInfo.Content;
     }       static X509Certificate2 LoadCertificateFromFile(string filename)
     {           X509Certificate2 certificate = new X509Certificate2();
       certificate.Import(ReadBinaryFile(filename));
      return certificate;
    }       static byte[] ReadBinaryFile(string filename)
    {           FileStream f = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
        int size = (int)f.Length;
      byte[] data = new byte[size];
        size = f.Read(data, 0, size);
       f.Close();
    return data;
    }       private static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateBySubjectName(string subjectName)
   {            X509Store myStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
         myStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
        X509Certificate2Collection certificateCollection = myStore.Certificates.Find
(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, subjectName, true);
     X509Certificate2 myCertificate = certificateCollection[0];
        if (myStore != null)                   myStore.Close();
    return myCertificate;       }
调用方式：

string input = "Wrox Press";
            byte[] clearTextAsBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(input);
            X509Certificate2 serverPublicKeyCertificate = LoadCertificateFromFile("IISExpress.cer");
            X509Certificate2 signingCertificate = GetCertificateBySubjectName("test");
            byte[] signedClearText = SignData(clearTextAsBytes, signingCertificate);
            byte[] encryptedAndSignedData = EncryptWithCertificate(signedClearText, serverPublicKeyCertificate);

            byte[] encodedUnencryptedCms = DecryptWithCertificate(encryptedAndSignedData);
            List<string> signingSubjects = new List<string>();
            byte[] receivedClearText = ValidateSignatureAndExtractContent(encodedUnencryptedCms, signingSubjects);
            string unecnryptedString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receivedClearText);
            Console.ReadLine();

我的计算机是win8，这里并没有用什么企业级证书，作为测试，我是用win8中IIS来创建自签名证书，然后用mmc来管理证书所以以上的GetCertificateBySubjectName方法需要修改如下：

private static X509Certificate2 GetCertificateBySubjectName(string subjectName)
        {
            X509Store myStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
            myStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);

            X509Certificate2Collection certificateCollection = myStore.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, subjectName, true);
            X509Certificate2 myCertificate;
            if (certificateCollection.Count > 0)
            {
                myCertificate = certificateCollection[0];
            }
            else
            {
                X509Certificate2[] array = new X509Certificate2[myStore.Certificates.Count];
                myStore.Certificates.CopyTo(array, 0);
                myCertificate = array.FirstOrDefault(x => x.FriendlyName.Equals(subjectName));
            }
            if (myStore != null)
                myStore.Close();
            return myCertificate;
        }