MySQL备份与恢复之percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复

一 文章回顾

在上一篇文章，我们讲到percona-xtrabackup软件的使用，这一篇文章我们讲解percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复。

二 增量备份示意图

三 percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复原理

首先，使用percona-xtrabackup工具对数据库进行全备，然后再每次数据库的数据更新后对数据进行增量备份，每次增量备份均在上一次备份的基础上。恢复时依次把每次增量备份的数据恢复到全备中，最后使用合并的数据进行数据恢复。

四 percona-xtrabackup实现增量备份及恢复

第一步，全备

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 /databackup/

第二步，查看数据

mysql> use larrydb;Database changedmysql> select * from class;+------+-------+| cid  | cname |+------+-------+|    1 | linux ||    2 | dab   ||    3 | Devel |+------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from stu;+------+----------+------+| sid  | sname    | cid  |+------+----------+------+|    1 | larry007 |    1 |+------+----------+------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

第三步，更新数据

mysql> insert into stu values(2,'larry02',1);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from stu;+------+----------+------+| sid  | sname    | cid  |+------+----------+------+|    1 | larry007 |    1 ||    2 | larry02  |    1 |+------+----------+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第四步，增量备份，进行了全备和第一次增量备份，所以有两个备份文件夹。我们每次增量备份都是针对上一次备份。

#--incremental：增量备份的文件夹#--incremental-dir：针对哪个做增量备份[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --incremental /databackup/ --incremental-dir /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.……innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/databackup/2013-09-10_22-15-45'innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000004', position 353130910 22:16:04  innobackupex: completed OK![root@serv01 databackup]# lltotal 8drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:13 2013-09-10_22-12-50drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:16 2013-09-10_22-15-45

第五步，再次插入数据

mysql> insert into stu values(3,'larry03',1);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from stu;+------+----------+------+| sid  | sname    | cid  |+------+----------+------+|    1 | larry007 |    1 ||    2 | larry02  |    1 ||    3 | larry03  |    1 |+------+----------+------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第六步，再次增量备份

[root@serv01 databackup]# lltotal 8drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:13 2013-09-10_22-12-50drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:16 2013-09-10_22-15-45[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --incremental /databackup/ --incremental-dir /databackup/2013-09-10_22-15-45/

第七步，再次插入数据

mysql> insert into stu values(4,'larry04',1);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from stu;+------+----------+------+| sid  | sname    | cid  |+------+----------+------+|    1 | larry007 |    1 ||    2 | larry02  |    1 ||    3 | larry03  |    1 ||    4 | larry04  |    1 |+------+----------+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

第八步，再次增量备份。一次全备，三次增量备份，所以有四个备份文件夹

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 --incremental /databackup/ --incremental-dir /databackup/2013-09-10_22-19-21/[root@serv01 databackup]# lltotal 16drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:13 2013-09-10_22-12-50drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:16 2013-09-10_22-15-45drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:19 2013-09-10_22-19-21drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 22:22 2013-09-10_22-21-42

第九步，模拟数据丢失

mysql> drop database larrydb;Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)

第十步，对全部的数据进行检查。可以看到增量备份和全备的文件占用磁盘大小有很大的差别，显然全备占用磁盘空间多，增量备份占用磁盘空间少

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.……xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1130910 22:23:35  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...130910 22:23:36  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2098700130910 22:23:36  innobackupex: completed OK![root@serv01 databackup]# du -sh ./*22M ./2013-09-10_22-12-501.5M  ./2013-09-10_22-15-451.5M  ./2013-09-10_22-19-211.5M  ./2013-09-10_22-21-42

第十一步，对第一次做的增量备份数据进行合并到全备份中去

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --incremental /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/ --incremental-dir=/databackup/2013-09-10_22-15-45/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.……innobackupex: Copying '/databackup/2013-09-10_22-15-45/hello/db.opt' to '/databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/hello/db.opt'130910 22:32:26  innobackupex: completed OK!

第十二步，对第二次做的增量备份数据进行合并到全备份中去

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --incremental /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/ --incremental-dir=/databackup/2013-09-10_22-19-21/

第十三步，对第三次做的增量备份数据进行合并到全备份中去

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only --incremental /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/ --incremental-dir=/databackup/2013-09-10_22-21-42/

第十四步，恢复时需要停掉MySQL，所以我们停掉MySQL

[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found![root@serv01 databackup]# pkill -9 mysql

第十五步，恢复数据。注意这里指定的文件夹是2013-09-10_22-12-50

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --copy-back /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.This software is published underthe GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991.IMPORTANT: Please check that the copy-back run completes successfully.           At the end of a successful copy-back run innobackupex           prints "completed OK!".Original data directory is not empty! at /usr/bin/innobackupex line 571.#报以上错需要删除数据目录下的东西[root@serv01 data]# pwd/usr/local/mysql/data[root@serv01 data]# lsgame     ib_logfile0  mysql             mysql-bin.000003  performance_schema   testhello    ib_logfile1  mysql-bin.000001  mysql-bin.000004  serv01.host.com.err  xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodbibdata1  mnt          mysql-bin.000002  mysql-bin.index   serv01.host.com.pid[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf  *#再次恢复数据，并更改数据库数据目录的拥有者和所属组[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --copy-back /databackup/2013-09-10_22-12-50/[root@serv01 data]# lltotal 18464drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 gamedrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 hello-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18874368 Sep 10 22:33 ibdata1drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 larrydbdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 mntdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 mysqldrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 performance_schemadrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Sep 10 22:37 test-rw-r--r--. 1 root root       24 Sep 10 22:37 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb  [root@serv01 data]# chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/ -R

第十六步，启动服务

[root@serv01 data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld startStarting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

第十七步，登录数据库，然后查看数据

[root@serv01 data]# mysql -uroot -p123456mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || game               || hello              || larrydb            || mnt                || mysql              || performance_schema || test               |+--------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from larrydb.class;+------+-------+| cid  | cname |+------+-------+|    1 | linux ||    2 | dab   ||    3 | Devel |+------+-------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from larrydb.stu;+------+----------+------+| sid  | sname    | cid  |+------+----------+------+|    1 | larry007 |    1 ||    2 | larry02  |    1 ||    3 | larry03  |    1 ||    4 | larry04  |    1 |+------+----------+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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